Freitag, 26. Februar 2016

Toxicity to microorganisms.002 to 004

Toxicity to microorganisms.002


Administrative data

Purpose flag:
key study
Study result type:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
Study generated according to generally valid and
internationally accepted testing guideline and performed
under GLP.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2003
Report Date:
2003

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test)
GLP compliance:
yes

Test materials

Identity of test material same as for substance defined in section 1 (if not read-across):
no
Test material identityopen allclose all
Identifier:
CAS number
Identity:
7775-09-9
Identifier:
EC number
Identity:
231-887-4
Identifier:
EC name
Identity:
sodium chlorate
Details on test material:
Purity: 99.68%
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
Preparation of the stock solution: The test item was dissolved at 2 g/L in dechlorinated water. The stock solution was agitated during 5 minutes. 
Test solutions were prepared by further dilution of the stock solution with water to provide a geometric series of concentrations.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
activated sludge, domestic
Details on inoculum:
Innoculum: Activated sludge
- Source: the water treatment plant of Evreux, France treating predominantly domestic wastewater.
- Pretreatment: the inoculum was left to settle and the supernatant rejected. It was then filtered (to remove the biggest particles) and washed with 
dechlorinated water. Four samples of 50 mL were taken to determine the content in suspended matter (dry weight). 
The concentration of sludge (4.98 g/L) was then adjusted to 4 g/L by addition of the appropriate volume of dechlorinated water. 
Clean air was passed through the inoculum at the rate of 0.5 to 1 L/min until use. 
- Concentration: 4 g/l 
- Feeding: 50 mL of sewage feed were added, per liter prior to the test.

Study design

Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
3 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:
Temperature of incubation: 21-23°C.
pH:
The pH of the test solution at 1000 mg/L was 7.83.
Dissolved oxygen:
Aeration: Air was bubbled through each solution at the rate of 0.5 to 1 L/min until the start of oxygen concentration measurements.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal test concentrations: 10, 31.6,100, 316 and 1000 mg/L and inoculum at 1.6 g/L.
Details on test conditions:
Type: aquatic
Controls: without test substance prepared at the beginning and at the end of the test 
Measurements: Measurement of oxygen concentration was determined using an oxygen probe placed into an opaque BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) flask filled with the test or reference solution which was agitated with a magnetic stirrer. 
The oxygen probe was connected to a meter equipped with a chart recorder.
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
3,5-dichlorophenol

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations
Duration:
3 h
Endpoint:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 1 000 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: respiration rate
Details on results:
- The respiration rate of the test solution of highest concentration (1000 mg/L) was equivalent to the respiration rate of the first control 
(i.e. these rates were within 15% of each other). 
Therefore, the oxygen consumption rate of the four other test solutions (10 to 316 mg/L) was not determined. 
- Was control response satisfactory: yes
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Concentrations: 4, 12 and 36 mg/L and inoculum at 1.6 g/L. 
Results: EC50 = 14.3 mg/l (95% c.l. 12.4-16.5 mg/l)
Any other information on results incl. tables:
Oxygen consumption after incubation
Conc (mg/l)
respiration rate
(mg O2/l*h)
% inhibition
Control 1
44.0

Control 2
40.5

1000
40.0
5
Comment from the reviewer:
As the respiration rate at 1000 mg/l did not differ from the controls it can be said that the NOEC is equal to or greater than 1000 mg/l.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Test conducted under GLP with,analysis certificate and to relevant guideline. This study can be considered reliable without restrictions.
The EC50 based on respiration rate is greater than 1000 mg/l. 
Because no efffects were seen at 100 mg/l it can be said that the NOEC is greater than or equal to 1000 mg/l.
Executive summary:
At the request of Cefic Sodium Chlorate Herbicide Registration Group, Brussels, Belgium, the effect of the test item, SODIUM CHLORATE, on the respiration of activated sewage sludge was evaluated using a 3-hour static test according to OECD guideline (No. 209, 4th April 1984).
Methods
The test solutions were prepared as follows:
• two control solutions: activated sludge in dechlorinated water to obtain a final sludge concentration of 1.6 g/L,
• five test item solutions: activated sludge in dechlorinated water (at 1.6 g/L) and test item (to obtain final concentrations of 10, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 mg/L),
• three reference item (3,5-dichlorophenol) solutions: activated sludge in dechlorinated water (at 1.6 g/L) and reference item (to obtain final concentrations of 4, 12 and 36 mg/L).
The oxygen consumption of test solutions was measured for approximately 10 minutes, with a chart recorder, after an aeration of 3 hours. The EC50 (concentration expected to cause 50% inhibition of the respiration rate) of the test item and the reference item was determined considering the oxygen consumption of the controls as 100%.
Results
As the validity criteria were met (the difference between the two controls was below 15% and the EC50 of 3,5-dichlorophenol was between 5 and 30 mg/L), the test was considered valid.
The respiration rate of the test solution of highest concentration (1000 mg/L) was equivalent to the respiration rate of the first control (i.e. these rates were within 15% of each other). Therefore, the oxygen consumption rate of the four other test solutions
(10 to 316 mg/L) was not determined.
EC50s, based on nominal concentrations, were as follows:
 Substance 3 -hour EC50 (mg/L) 95% confidence limits (mg/L)
 Test item > 1000 
 Reference item 14.3 12.4 - 16.5
Conclusion
Under our experimental conditions, the 3-hour EC50 of the test item SODIUM CHLORATE is > 1000 mg/L for activated sludge.
The test item should be considered as non-toxic for the micro-organisms of a water treatment plant.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
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